ABSTRACT
It is notorious that the word live, originally English, has been used in Brazilian Portuguese. Based on that assumption, in this paper, we aim to observe if this lexical unit has assumed distinct uses and meanings in relation to the English language, especially during the period in which the Brazilians were in quarantine due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, we sought to investigate them guided by the following questions: how is the word live being incorporated in Brazilian Portuguese from a linguistic and cultural viewpoint? Is it a foreignism or is it already possible to recognize it as a neologism? To answer these questions, we are founded on the theoretical assumptions of the lexical studies regarding foreignisms and neologisms, as well as on some considerations about the linguistic and cultural exchange in the virtual environment. Also, methodologically, we use the web as a corpus to carry out and support our analysis.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: PTSD is a chronic, debilitating condition with limited treatment efficacy. Accessing traumatic memories often leads to overwhelming distress, impacting treatment process. Current approved pharmacological treatments have exhibited small to moderate effects when compared with placebo. Evidence suggests 3,4,-methylene-dioxymethamphetamine(MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy as a viable option for refractory PTSD. Objective(s): Comprehensive review of early clinical research, proposed mechanisms, safety and emerging therapeutic models. Method(s): Eligible studies will be identified through strategic search of MEDLINE. Result(s): Pre-clinical and imaging studies suggest memory reconsolidation and fear extinction as candidate psychological and neurological mechanisms, involving MDMA's combined effects of increasing serotonergic activity, as well the release of oxytocin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in key memory and emotional circuits. Resulting reduction in amygdala and insula activation and increasing connectivity between the amygdala and hippocampus may create a tolerance window of neuroplasticity for emotional engagement and reprocessing of traumatic memories during psychotherapy. Early clinical trials report impressive and durable reduction in PTSD symptoms, with a safety profile comparable to that of SSRIs. A recently completed randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled phase 3 trial reported full remission of PTSD symptoms in 67% of patients at 2 months, with no increase in suicidality, cardiovascular events or abuse behavior. Emerging treatment models underline the importance of unmedicated therapeutic sessions for preparation for the experience and subsequent integration as essential for full benefit and safety of the clinical context. Conclusion(s): The psychological impact associated with the COVID-19 pandemic is an reminder of the emotional and economic burden associated with PTSD. MDMA-assisted therapy may be a breakthrough approach meriting further multidisciplinary investment and clinical research.